If you’re in the business of manufacturing products you sell to wholesalers or consumers, you may include a “BOM” with each of your finished goods. But what is BOM, and what does BOM stand for? BOM is an itemized list of every little thing needed to make a finished good—and it stands for “bill of materials.”
In this article, we’ll learn the ins and outs of creating a bill of materials, including every detail you should list on your BOM. Then, we’ll reveal some best practices that can help your business create a better BOM. Finally, we’ll discuss how inventory management software can help your business track all the raw materials, components, and parts needed to manufacture finished goods and easily craft bills of materials.
What is BOM?
A BOM, or a “bill of materials,” is an itemized list of every single raw material, part, and component needed to manufacture a product. A BOM also lists how much of each item is required and even includes secondary requirements like manuals, guides, and packaging.
But a BOM does not explain how certain materials are used or in what order. Still, many manufacturers choose to write BOMs in an orderly fashion to reduce confusion.
From a more zoomed-out view, a bill of materials is a component of a manufacturer’s bill of resources (BOR)—an exhaustive list of all that’s required to create a finished good for sale, including labor.
Exactly how a BOM is formatted depends on several variables, including what’s being manufactured and how. There are usually two versions of bills of materials: the EBOM (engineering) and the MBOM (manufacturing). The EBOM is used while the product is still being created, developed, and redeveloped. Once a product is in production mode, an MBOM is used.
One note: EBOM sometimes stands for an equipment bill of materials, too. An equipment bill of materials identifies all the components, parts, assemblies, and subassemblies of a piece of equipment. An EBOM might be used by repair people during equipment maintenance or malfunction to figure out what’s where, and what parts may need to be replaced or repaired, and how.
How do you make a BOM (bill of materials)?
To write a bill of materials, you’ll need to access a lot of particular information about your inventory. For example, if you track details about your raw materials, components, and parts in inventory management software, you can pull data for your BOM directly from that software.
Here are some of the things you’ll want to include on your bill of materials:
BOM level
The best bills of materials are sensibly organized. A BOM level quickly illustrates where a part or assembly fits within the bigger picture. The point of this number is to help any reader make sense of each and every part of the BOM.
Assigned part number
Manufacturers number every single piece or part used in a BOM so that referencing and identifying parts is fast and foolproof. Your company can decide whether to make those numbers intelligent (usually a serial number with no significance) or intelligent (perhaps a meaningful, alphanumeric code similar to an SKU.) You can also use an inventory ID, such as the one Sortly automatically issues when you create an item.
Whichever method you choose, an assigned part number will serve as a “key” to your BOM.
Unique part name
While your BOM will already have assigned part numbers, you’ll want to ensure each item also has a unique part name. This will help give context to part numbers and give BOM readers even more valuable information.
Lifecycle phase
If you’re still in the iterative engineering phase of manufacturing, ensure to denote what lifecycle stage each part is in. For example, some parts might be “unreleased” or “prototype only,” where others might be “in design,” “in production,” or “ready to manufacture.”
These designations can help your team clear up confusion, create more realistic manufacturing timelines, and get a quick-but-detailed update on the project’s status.
Detailed description
A detail-rich description of a part, component or raw material can help reduce human error by differentiating parts that may look or sound alike. That’s especially true at larger companies where the manufacturers may not work alongside engineers or inventory specialists.
Quantity
A BOM doesn’t just list what’s needed to manufacture a product, but how much of it. So be sure to list the quantity used during assembly clearly.
Detailed unit of measure
While not a requirement, it’s wise to provide a detailed measure unit for every raw material, component, or part on your BOM. Ensure to use the same unit of measure you use to purchase and produce your finished goods. While it’s not always possible, try to choose a consistent unit of measure to reduce confusion.
Procurement details
How you procure your raw materials, components, and parts matters. For example, do you buy glue pre-fabricated, or is it custom-produced for your business? Or does your business make it in-house? These notes, which you likely already store in your inventory app, should be included on your bill of materials.
Reference designator
Your product may include PCBAs, also known as printed circuit board assemblies. If that’s the case, ensure you also provide reference designators that indicate where those parts belong in your BOM. PCBAs can be some of the most confusing aspects of manufacturing, so providing this information right off the bat can save time, money, and stress.
Any other important details
Finally, you should include any other notes that matter to you, your team, and anyone else who plans for or helps produce finished goods. This includes unusual lead times, ordering instructions, hazard warnings, and more.
Bill of materials: Best practices
Creating a detail-rich bill of materials is essential, but there are even more best practices that can help you optimize your BOMs. Here are four best practices to consider.
1. Know what you’re making
There’s really no need to begin a BOM until you’ve started designing your finished good. Sure, that design might evolve, but until you’ve got a pretty good idea of what your end product will look like, it’s hard to create an accurate BOM.
Once you’ve got a pretty good idea of what you’re making, you can create your EBOM (engineering bill of materials). And once you’re ready to create a finished product, it’s time to develop your MBOM (manufacturing bill of materials).
2. Stay flexible and organized as your BOM evolves
When you’re in the iterative engineering phase, your EBOM will evolve constantly. The raw materials, parts, and components you use will change as you optimize and reimagine your product over and over again. That’s okay—just keep updating your BOM every time you make a change.
Once you move onto an MBOM, you’ll find that you’ll still need to update your bill of materials from time to time. Maybe that’s because you’ve switched suppliers, upgraded a part, or need to comply with new environmental standards.
3. Remember to attach essential documentation
There may be important components to your manufacturing process that you need to include in your BOM. For example, from CAD drawings to subassembly instructions for certain components, ensure you include this information with your BOM.
It is better to include a little too much information than risk your manufacturer not understanding what they need to complete the project.
4. Don’t overlook the little things
From glue to string to bubble wrap, there are lots of tiny components that turn raw materials and parts into a ready-to-sell product. When creating your BOM, keep an eye out for the little things your team may have overlooked.
An experienced manufacturing partner can also review your BOM, and perhaps help you identify something you might have missed.
How does inventory management software help businesses create BOMs?
A bill of materials identifies all the different raw materials, components, and parts your team needs to manufacture a product for sale. And just about everything you track on your BOM, you can also track using an inventory app.
Because you’ll already have every last detail about your inventory recorded in your inventory software, you won’t have to scramble to locate information for your BOM. From where you buy a part to its unit of measure, all that data will be at your fingertips.
Experience the simplest inventory management software.
About Sortly
Sortly is a top-rated inventory app that helps businesses effortlessly and efficiently manage their inventory and assets. And if you’re a manufacturer who needs to write lots of BOMs, Sortly can make the process that much easier.
What’s more, Sortly comes with a host of features that’ll speed up and simplify every other aspect of inventory management. There’s no shortage of ways Sortly can help your team stay organized, from barcode and QR code scanning to low-stock alerts.
Ready to get started? Try Sortly today for two weeks, totally free.
